Aberle, Doug, ed. 1993. Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society.

Abler, Ronald F. 1988. Awards, Rewards, and Excellence: Keeping Geography Alive and Well. Professional Geographer 40 (2):135-140.

Abler, R.F. 1993. Everything in its place: GPS, GIS, and geography in the 1990’s. Professional Geographer 45 (2):131-139.

Adler, S. 1987. The New Information Technology and the Structure of Planning Practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research 6:93-99.

Agre, Philip, and Christine A. Harbs. 1994. Social choice about privacy: Intelligent vehicle-highway systems in the United States. Information Technology and People 7 (4):63-90.

Aitkin, S.C., and S. Michel. 1995. Who Contrives the "Real" in GIS? Geographic Information, Planning, and Critical Theory. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):17-29.

Aldenderfer, M. , and H.D.G. Maschner. 1996. Anthropology, Space and GIS. New York: Oxford University Press.

Alinski, S. 1972. Rules for Radicals: A pragmatic primer for realistic radicals. New York: Vintage.

Al-Naqi, Anwar Ali. 1988. GIS in municipal, public and private agencies. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Miami.

Al-Ramadan, Baqer Mohammad. 1993. A framework for a national effort towards geographic information and geographic information systems in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.

Anderson, J. 1969. Moral problems of remote sensing technology. Antipode 1 (1):54-57.

Archer, H., and P.L. Croswell. 1989. Public Access to Geographic Information Systems: An Emerging Legal Issue. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 55 (11):1575-1581.

Arvelo-Jimenez, N. , and K. Conn. 1995. The Ye’kauna self-demarcation process. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):40-42.

Asche, Hartmut, and Christian M. Herrmann. 1994. Designing Interactive Maps for Planning and Education. In Visualization in Modern Cartography, edited by A. M. MacEachren and D. R. F. Taylor. Oxford: Pergamon.

Azad, B. , and L. Wyggins. 1995. Dynamics of Inter-Organizational Geographic Data Sharing: A Conceptual Framework for Research. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Azar, Kamal T. 1995. Strategies for building, managing and implementing geographic information systems (GIS) capabilities in transit agencies. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Baldwin, R., et al. 1989. Responses to J.B. Harley's Article, 'Deconstructing the Map'. Cartographica 26 (3-4):89-127.

Bamberger, W.J. 1995. Sharing Geographic Information Among Local Government Agencies in the San Diego Region. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Bardon, K.S., C.J. Elliott, and N. Stothers. 1984. Computer Applications in Local Authority Planning Departments 1984: A Review. Polytechnic, Birmingham: Dept. of Landscape, City of Birmingham.

Barlow, John Perry. 1995. Is there a there in cyberspace? Utne Reader:53-56.

Barndt, M. 1998. Public Participation GIS--Barriers to implementation. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):105-112.

Barndt, M.G., and W.J. Craig. 1994. Data Providers Empower Community GIS Efforts. GIS World 7 (7):49-51.

Barquin, R.C., and G.P. Mead, eds. 1984. Towards the Information Society. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elseiver Science Publishers.

Beaumont, J.R. 1992. The value of information: a personal commentary with regard to government databases. Environment and Planning A 24:171-180.

Beazley, C.P. 1991. What Is This Thing Called Ethics and, Sometimes, The Code of Ethics? Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 57 (5):497-499.

Bernhardsen, T. , and S. Tveitdal. 1986. Community Benefit of Digital Spatial Information. Paper read at Auto-Carto London.

Bie, Stein W. 1984. Organizational Needs for Technological Advancement. Cartographica 21 (3):44-50.

Bird, B. 1995. The EAGLE Project: re-mapping Canada from an indigenous perspective. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):23-24.

Bond, Andrew. 1989. Soviet official admits to past policy of deliberate map distortion: calls for increased access to large-scale maps and images mount. Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing 26 (2):160 - 163.

Bordja, J., ed. 1997. Local and Global: Management of cities in the information age. London: Earthscan Publications.

Bowen, W. M., M. J. Salling, K. E. Haynes, and E. J. Cyran. 1995. Toward Environmental Justice: Spatial Equity in Ohio and Cleveland. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 85 (4):621-663.

Bowker, Geoffrey. 1994. Information mythology: The world of/as information. In In Information acumen: The understanding and use of knowledge in modern business, edited by L. Bud-Frierman. London: Routledge.

Branscomb, Anne Wells. 1994. Who owns information? From privacy to public access. New York: Basic Books.

Braun, Paul, and D. Phillip Guertin. 1996. Public Access to Spatial Data: Neighborhood Association Information Needs in Tucson, Arizona. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona School of Renewable Natural Resources.

Brealey, Kenneth G. 1993. Networks of Power: Cartography as Ideology. Western Geography (3):15-50.

Britneff, Anthony A. 1997. Silent Forests: Coloring Our Conquest.

Bromley, Daniel. 1991. Environment and Economy: Property Rights and Public Policy. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

Brown, I.F., A.S. Alechandre, H.S.Y. Sassagawa, and M.A. Aquino. 1995. Empowering local communities in land-use management: the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Acre, Brazil. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):54-57.

Brown, Mary Maureen. 1995. Translating geographic information system plans into results: An implementation analysis of local government partnerships (interorganizational relations). Unpublished DPA, Thesis, University of Georgia.

Budic, Zorica D. 1993. Human and institutional factors in GIS implementation by local governments (human factors). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.

Bunge, W.W., and R. Bordessa. 1975. The Canadian Alternative: Survival, Expeditions and Urban Change. Toronto: Department of Geography, York University.

Burke, L. 1993. Race and Environmental Equity: A Geographic Analysis in Los Angeles. GeoInfoSystems 3 (9):44-50.

Burrough, P.A., and A.U. Frank. 1995. Concepts and Paradigms in Spatial Information: Are current geographical information systems truly generic? International Journal of GIS 9 (2):101-116.

Calkins, H.W. , and R. Weatherbe. 1995. Taxonomy of Spatial Data Sharing. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Cartographer, American. 1988. The development of GIS technology. The American Cartographer (Special Issue) 15 (3):245-322.

Cartographic Journal. 1991. British Cartography 1987-1991: An Overview. The Cartographic Journal (Special Issue) 28:30-54.

Castells, M. 1983. The city and the grassroots: A cross-cultural theory of urban social movements. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Castells, Manuel. 1991. The informational city : Information technology, economic restructuring, and the urban-regional process. In Information age: Economy, society, and culture. London: Blackwell.

Castells, M. 1996. Rise of the Network Society. 3 vols. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Castells, Manuel. 1997a. End of millennium. In Information age: Economy, society, and culture. London: Blackwell.

Castells, Manuel. 1997b. The power of identity. In Information age: Economy, society, and culture. London: Blackwell.

Chakraborty, J., and M. P. Armstrong. 1997. Exploring the Use of Buffer Analysis for the Identification of Impacted Areas in Environmental Equity Assessment. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 24 (3):145-157.

Chrisman, Nicholas. 1997. Exploring Geographic Information Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chrisman, Nicholas R. 1987. Design of Geographic Information Systems Based on Social and Cultural Goals. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 53 (10):1367-1370.

Chrisman, N.R. 1988a. Fundamental principles of geographic information systems. AUTO-CARTO 8:32-41.

Chrisman, Nicholas R. 1988b. The Risks of Software Innovation: a Case Study of the Harvard Lab. The American Cartographer 15 (3):291-300.

Chrisman, N.R. 1991. Institutional and societal components of cartographic research. In Advances in Cartography, edited by J. C. Muller. London: Esevier Applied Science.

Chrisman, Nicholas R. 1992. Ethics for the Practitioners of Geographic Information Systems Embedded in 'Real World' Constraints of Guilds, Professions and Institutional Sponsorship. Paper read at GIS/LIS.

Clark, G.L. 1992. GIS-what crisis? Environment and Planning A 24 (3):321-322.

Clark, M. J. 1998. GIS—democracy or delusion? Environment and Planning A 30 (2):303-316.

Clarke, K.C. 1992. Maps and Mapping Technologies of the Persian Gulf War. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 19 (2):80-87.

Clarke, Roger. 1994. The digital persona and its application to data surveillance. The Information Society 10 (1994):77-94.

Coppock, J.T. 1988. The Analogue to Digital Revolution: A View From an Unreconstructed Geographer. The American Cartographer 15 (3):263-275.

Coppock, J.T., and D.W. Rhind. 1991. The History of GIS. In Geographic Information Systems: Overview, principles and applications, edited by D. J. Maguire, M. F. Goodchild and D. W. Rhind. Harlow, Essex: Longmans.

Couclelis, Helen, and Mark Monmonier. 1995. Using SUSS to Resolve NIMBY: How Spatial Understanding Support Systems Can Help With the 'Not In My Back Yard' Syndrome. Geographical Systems 2 (2):83-101.

Couclelis, H. 1997. GIS without computers: Building geographic information science from the ground up. In Innovations in GIS 4, edited by Z. Kemp. London: Taylor & Francis.

Cowan, D.J. 1995. The importance of GIS for the average person: GIS in Government: The Federal Perspective 1994. Paper read at First Federal Geographic Technology Conference, Sept. 26-28, 1994, at Washington, D.C.

Craig, W. 1995. Why We Can't Share Data: Institutional Inertia. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Craig, W. J., and S. Elwood. 1998. How and Why Community Groups Use Maps and Geographic Information. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):95-104.

Crampton, J. 1995. The Ethics of GIS. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):84-89.

Cronon, William. 1983. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England. New York, NY.: Hill and Wang.

Croswell, P. , and S. Clark. 1988. Trends in geographic Information Systems Hardware. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54 (11):1571-1576.

Cullis, Brian John. 1995. Modeling innovation adoption responses: an exploratory analysis of geographic information system implementation at defense installations. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of South Carolina.

Curry, Michael. 19?? Morality and Agency in Geographical Information Systems.

Curry, Michael. 1985. In the wake of nuclear war - possible worlds in an age of scientific expertise. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 3:309-321.

Curry, Michael. 1986. Beyond Nuclear Winter: On the Limitations of Science in Political Debate. Antipode 18 (3):244-267.

Curry, M. 1997a. The Digital Individual and the Private Realm. Annals of the Association of American Geographer 87 (4):681-699.

Curry, Michael R. 1994a. Image, practice, and the hidden impacts of geographic information systems. Progress in Human Geography 18 (4):441-59.

Curry, Michael R. 1994b. On the inevitability of ethical inconsistency in geographic information systems. In Ground truth: The social implications of geographic information systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Curry, M.R. 1995a. GIS and the Inevitability of Ethical Inconsistency. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Curry, M.R. 1995b. Rethinking Rights and Responsibilities in Geographic Information Systems: Beyond the Power of Image. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):58-69.

Curry, Michael R. 1996. Data protection and intellectual property: Information systems and the Americanization of the new Europe. Environment and Planning A 28 (1996):891-908.

Curry, Michael R. 1997b. Digital people, digital places: Rethinking privacy in a world of geographic information. Ethics and behavior 7 (3):253-63.

Curry, Michael R. 1997c. Geodemographics and the end of the private realm. Annals, Association of American Geographers 87 (4):681-699.

Curry, Michael R. 1998a. Cyberspace and cyberplaces: rethinking the identity of individual and place. Geographical Review.

Curry, Michael R. 1998b. Digital places: Living with geographic information technologies. London: Routledge.

Cutter, S. L., L. Clark, and D. Holm. 1996. The Role of Geographic Scale in Monitoring Environmental Justice. Risk Analysis 16 (4):517-526.

Dangermond, J. 1987. Trends in Geographic Information System Software. Paper read at International GIS Symposium (sponsored by the Association of American Geographers).

Dangermond, J. 1988. Who is designing geographic information systems for the public? Paper read at Urban and Regional Information Systems Association.

Dangermond, J. 1995. Public Data Access: Another Side of GIS Data Sharing. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Dangermond, J. , and K.S. Lowell. 1988. Geographic Information Systems and the Revolution in Cartography: The Nature of the Role Played by a Commercial Organization. The American Cartographer 15 (3):301-310.

Dangermond, Jack, and Lowell Kent Smith. 1998. Geographic information systems and the revolution in cartography: The nature of the role played by a commercial organization. The American Cartographer 15 (3):301-310.

Dansby, Bishop. 1991. In Search of Privacy. GIS World, 108-111.

Davies, C., and D. Medyckyj-Scott. 1996. GIS Users Observed. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 10 (4):363-384.

Deuker, K.J. , and P.B. DeLacy. 1990. Geographic Information Systems in the Land Development Process. Journal of the American Planning Association 56 (4):483-491.

Dobson, J. 1993a. Automated Geography. Professional Geographer 35 (2):135-143.

Dobson, J. 1993b. Consider both sides of GIS ethics. GIS World, Sept. 20-21.

Dobson, J. 1993c. The geographic revolution: a retrospective on the age of automated geography. Professional Geographer 45 (4):431-439.

Dobson, J. 1993d. A rationale for the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Professional Geographer 45 (2):207-215.

Dodge, M. 1998. Geography of Cyberspace Directory Martin Dodge, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, 1998 [cited 1998]. Available from http://www.cybergeography.org/geography_of_cyberspace.html.

Droege, P., ed. 1997. Intelligent Environments - Spatial Aspects of the Information Revolution. Amsterdam: North Holland.

Dueker, K. , and R. Vrana. 1995. Systems Integration: A Reason and a Means for Data Sharing. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Duncan, C.J., and W.R. Epps. 1993. GIS and the role of the state 'down under'. Political Geography 12 (1):3-7.

Dunlop, C., and R. Kling, eds. 1991. Computerization and Controversy. San Diego, CA.: Academic Press.

Dunn, William T., and Elissa C. Lichtenstein. 1994. Public Participation in Environmental Decisionmaking. Washington, DC: Washington, DC Division for Public Services, American Bar Association.

Durrance, J. 1983. Armed for Action: A framework for library response to citizen information needs. New York: Neal-Schuman.

Edney, M.H. 1991. Strategies for maintaining the democratic nature of geographic information systems. Paper read at Applied Geography Conferences, 14.

Edney, M.H. 1992. J.B. Harley (1932 - 1991): Questioning Maps, Questioning Cartography, Questioning Cartographers. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 19 (3):175-178.

Edwards, G. 1993. The Voronoi Model and Cultural Space. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (716):202-214.

Eichelberger, Peirce. 1993. Maturing GIS. Geographical Information Systems 3 (5):29-38.

Elwood, S., and H. Leitner. 1998. GIS and Community-based Planning: Exploring the Diversity of Neighborhood Perspectives and needs. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):77-88.

Epstein, E.F., and H. Roitman, eds. 1990. Liability for information. Edited by D. J. P. a. D. F. Marble, Introductory Readings in GIS. London, UK: Francis & Taylor.

Epstein, E.F., D.L. Tulloch, B.J. Niemann, S.J. Ventura, and F.W. Limp. 1996. Comparative Study of land records modernization in multiple states. Paper read at GIS/LIS '96.

Epstien, E.F. 1995. Control of Public Information. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Erickson, Thomas. 1993. From Interface to Interplace: The Spatial Environment as a Medium for Interaction. In Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS, edited by A. U. Frank and I. Campari. Berlin: Springer.

Esteva, Gustavo, and Madhu Suri Prakash. 1992. Grassroots resistance to sustainable development: Lessons from the banks of the Narmada. 22:45-51.

Evans, J. , and J. Ferreira, Jr. 1995. Sharing Spatial Information in an Imperfect World: Interactions Between technical and Organizational Issues. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Featherstone, M., and R. Burrows, eds. 1995. Cyberspace/cyberbodies/cyberpunk: cultures of technologic embodiment, Theory, culture & society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Federal Geographic Technology Conference. 1994. GIS in Government: The Federal Perspective, 1994. Paper read at First Federal Geographic Technology Conference, 1995, at Washington, DC.

Ferber, Deboah Lynn. 1992. Geographic Information Systems Support for Environmental Groups: An Investigative Study. Bellingham, WA: Greater Ecosystem Alliance.

Ferguson, Duncan C. 1996. Electronic Tools for Community Sustainability: Profiles. http://cpcug.org/user/dcf/ (under "profiles").

Fisch, S. 1992. A History of GIS. Design Management 16 (1):xxx.

Fischer, David H. 1987. Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Flowerdew, R. 1998. Reacting to Ground Truth. Environment and Planning A 30 (2):289-302.

Foresman, Timothy W., ed. 1998. History of geographic information systems: Perspectives from the pioneers: Prentice Hall.

Frank, A.U., and D.M. Mark. 1991. Language Issues For GIS. In Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications Vol. 1. New York: Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Freedman, Warren. 1987. The Right of Privacy in the Computer Age. Westport, CN: Quorum Books.

French, S.P. , and L.L. Wiggins. 1990. California Planning Agency Experiences and Automated Mapping and Geographic Information Systems. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 17 (4):441-450.

Gandy, Oscar H. 1989. The Surveillance Society: Information Technology and Bureaucratic Social Control. Journal of Communication 39 (3):61-76.

Gandy, Oscar H. , and Charles Simmons. 1986. Technology, Privacy and the Democratic Process. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 8 (2):155-168.

Garson, Barbara. 1988. The electronic sweatshop: How computers are transforming the office of the future into the factory of the past. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Gelernter, D. 1992. Mirror Worlds or the day software puts the university in a shoebox...How it will happen and what will it mean. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gilbert, D. 1995. Between two cultures: Geography, computing, and the humanities. Ecumen 2 (1):1-13.

Gillespie, Andrew, and Kevin Robins. 1989. Geographical Inequalities: The Spatial Bias of the New Communications Technologies. Journal of Communication 39 (3):7-18.

Gingrich, N. 1995. To Renew America. New York: Harper Paperback.

Gisselquist, D. 1981. The political economics of international bank lending. New York: Praeger.

Glickman, D. 1994. Measuring Environmental Equity with GIS. Renewable Resources Journal 12 (3):17-21.

Goodchild, Michael, F. 1988. Stepping Over The Line: Technological Constraints and the New Cartography. The American Cartographer 15 (3):311-319.

Goodchild, M., and J. Proctor. 1997. Scale in a digital geographic world. Geographical and Environmental Modelling 1 (1):5-24.

Goodchild, Michael F. 1991a. Geographic information systems. Progress in Human Geography 15 (2):194-200.

Goodchild, Michael F. 1991b. Just the facts. Political Geography Quarterly 10 (4):335-337.

Goodchild, M.F. 1992. Geographical information science. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 6 (1):31-45.

Goodchild, M.F. 1995. GIS and Geographic Research. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Gordon, W.R. 1992. Geographical Information Systems and Planning in the USA. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems 6 (4):267-278.

Goss, J. 1995a. Marketing the New Marketing : the Strategic Discourse of Geodemographic Information Systems. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Goss, Jon. 1995b. We know who you are and we know where you live: The instrumental rationality of Geo-Marketing Information Systems. Economic Geography 71 (2):171-198.

Graham, S. 1998. The end of geography or the explosion of space? Conceptualising space, place and information technologies. Progress in Human Geography 22 (1).

Graham, S. , and S. Marvin. 1996. Telecommunications and the city: Electronic spaces, urban places. London: Routledge.

Grelot, J.-P. 1994. Cartography in the GIS Age. The Cartographic Journal 31:56-60.

Grove, M. 1992. Social Forestry and GIS. Journal of Forestry 90 (12):10-15.

Guile, B., ed. 1985. Information Technologies and Social Transformation. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Engineering.

Guptill, S. 1990. Geographical Information Science: The search for an organizing principle. Paper read at GIS/LIS'90.

Harley, B. 1990a. Cartography, ethics and social theory. Cartographica 27 (2):1-23.

Harley, J. B. 1988a. Maps, knowledge, and power. In The Iconography of Landscape, edited by D. Cosgrove and S. Daniels. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Harley, J.B. 1988b. Silences and Secrecy: the Hidden Agenda of Cartography in Early Modern Europe. Imago Mundi 40:57-76.

Harley, J.B. 1989a. Deconstructing the Map. Cartographica 26 (2):1-20.

Harley, J.B. 1989b. Historical geography and the cartographic illusion. Journal of Historical Geography 15 (1):80-91.

Harley, J.B. 1990b. Cartography, Ethics, and Social Theory. Cartographica 27 (2):1-23.

Harley, J.B. 1991. Can There Be a Cartographic Ethics? Cartographic Perspectives (10):9-16.

Harley, J.B., and David Woodward. 1989. Why Cartography Needs Its History. The American Cartographer 16 (1):5-15.

Harris, T. 1993. The Application of GIS in urban and regional planning: a review of the North American experience. Applied Geography 13 (1):9-27.

Harris, T., and D. Weiner. 1996. The Social Implications of How People, Space, and Environment are represented in GIS. Santa Barbara, CA: NCGIA.

Harris, T., and D. Weiner. 1998. Empowerment, marginalization and 'community-integrated' GIS. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):67-76.

Harris, T.M., and G.A. Elmes. 1993. The application of GIS in urban and regional planning: a review of the North American experience. Applied Geography 13:9-27.

Harris, T.M., D. Weiner, T. Warner, and R. Levin. 1995. Pursuing Social Goals Through Participatory GIS: Redressing South Africa’s Historical Political Ecology. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Harvey, David. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Harvey, F. 1997. From geographic holism to geographic information system. The Professional Geographer 49:77-86.

Harvey, F., and N. R. Chrisman. 1998. Boundary Objects and the social construction of GIS technology. Environment and Planning A 30 (9):1683-1694.

Hastings, D. A. , and D.M. Clark. 1991. GIS in Africa: problems, challenges and opportunities for co-operation. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 5 (1):29-39.

Hepworth, Mark. 1990. Geography of the information economy. New York: Guilford Press.

Hepworth, Mark E. 1987. Information technology as spatial systems. Progress in Human Geography 11 (2):157-180.

Heywood, I. 1990. Geographic information systems in the social sciences. Environment and Planning A 22: 849-854.

Hickey, R., and P. Jankowshi. 1997. GIS and environmental decisionmaking to aid smelter reclamation planning. Environment and Planning A 29 (1):5-21.

Hinchcliffe, S. 1996. Technology, power, and space - the means and ends of geographies of technology. Environment and Planning D:Society and Space 14:659-682.

Hinloopen, E., P. Nijkamp, and P. Rietveld. 1984. International Comparison of Regional Planning and Information Systems. Edited by P. Nijkamp and P. Rietveld, Information Systems for Integrated Regional Planning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc.

Hitt, J. 1995. Atlas shrugged: the new face of maps. Lingua Franca:24-33.

Hutchinson, C. F. , and J. Toledano. 1993. Guidelines for demonstrating geographical information systems based on participatory development. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems (7):5.

Huxhold, William E., and Michael Martin. 1996. GIS Guides City's Neighborhood Funding Efforts. GIS World, June, 1996, 54-56.

Huxold, W.E. 1991. An Introduction to urban geographic information systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Innes, J.E. 1993. Implementing GIS for Planning: Lessons from the History of Technological Innovation. Journal of the American Planning Association 59 (2):230.

Jackson, Peter. 1989. Maps of Meaning. London, UK: Unwin Hyman, Ltd.

Jacoby, J. 1967. DEWS--District Early Warning System for neighborhood deterioration. Paper read at Urban and Regional Information Systems Association.

Janelle, Donald J. 1991. Global interdependence and its consequences. Edited by S. Brunn and T. Leinbach, In Collapsing space and time: Geographic aspects of communications and information. London: Harper.

Jarvis, K.A., and A.M. Spearman. 1995. Geomatics and political empowerment: the Yaqui. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):58-61.

Kemp, W.B. , and L.F. Brooke. 1995. Towards Information self-sufficiency: the Nunavik Inuit gather information on ecology and land use. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):25-28.

Kevany, M.J. 1995. A Proposed Structure for Observing Data Sharing. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

King, J.L. 1995. Problems in Public Access Policy for GIS Databases: An Economic Perspective. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

King, J.L., and K.L. Kraemer. 1993. Models, Facts, and the Policy Process: The Political Ecology of Estimated Truth. In Environmental Modeling with GIS, edited by M. F. Goodchild, B. O. Parks and L. T. Steyaert. New York, NY: Oxford University.

Kingsley, G. T., C. Coulton, M. Barndt, D. Sawicki, and P. Tatian. 1997. Mapping your community. Washington DC: US Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Kishor, P., B.J. Niemann, Jr., D.D. Moyer, S.J. Ventura, R.W. Martin, and P.G. Thum. 1990. Lessons from CONSOIL: evaluating GIS/LIS. Wisconsin Land Information Newsletter 6:11-13.

Krofton, C.P. 1993. St. Louis Library's GIS Disseminates Public Information. GeoInfo Systems, 46-50.

Kubbara, Fawzi Saeed. 1992. Geographic data in city planning departments: The volume and use related to advancements in geographic information systems (GIS) technology. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Portland State University.

Lake, R.W. 1993. Planning and Applied Geography: Positivism, Ethics, and Geographic Information Systems. Progress in Human Geography 17 (3):404-413.

Lake, Robert W. 1996. Volunteers, NIMBYs, and Environmental Justice: Dilemmas of Democratic Practice. Antipode 28 (2):160-174.

Larimer County (Colorado) Board of County Commissioners. 1996. Public Participation in Larimer County Government.

Laudon, K.C. 1977. Communications Technology and Democratic Participation. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.

Laudon, K.C. 1986. Dossier Society: Value Choices in the Design of National Information Systemspgs. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Lawson, H., and L. Appignanesi, eds. 1989. Dismantling Truth: Reality in the Post-modern World. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.

Lee, Y.C. , and G.Y. Zhang. 1989. Developments in Geographic Information System Technology. ASCE Journal of Surveying Engineering (115):304-323.

Levine, J. , and J.D. Landis. 1989. Geographic Information Systems for Local Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 55:209-220.

Livingstone, David. 1990. Geography, tradition and the Scientific Revolution: an interpretative essay. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 15:359-373.

Loader, B. 1997. The Governance of Cyberspace. London: Routledge.

Lundberg, E. J. 1975. An information systems role for urban universities. Paper read at Urban and Regional Information Systems Association.

Marble, Duane F. Computer Software for Spatial Data Handling, Volume 1: Full Geographic Information Systems. Ottawa, Ontario: International Geographical Union.

Mark, D. 1993. On the ethics of representation or whose world is it anyway? Paper read at NCGIA Geographic Information and Society Workshop, Nov. 11-14, 1993, at Friday Harbor, Washington.

Marozas, B. A. 1993. A culturally relevant solution for the implementation of Geographic Information Systems in Indian Country. Paper read at Thirteenth Annual ESRI User Conference.

Martin, D. 1996. Geographic Information Systems: socioeconomic applications. 2nd ed. London/New York: Routledge.

Masser, I., and H. Campbell. 1989. Conditions for the Effective Utilization of Computers in Urban Planning in Developing Countries. Paper read at International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, at Hong Kong.

Masser, I. , and H. Campbell. 1995. Information Sharing: the Effects of GIS on British Local Government. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Matthews, W., ed. 1980. Monster or Messiah: The Computer's Impact on Society. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press.

Mcglamery, P. 1995. Libraries as Institutions of Sharing. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

McHafie, P.H. 1995. Manufacturing Metaphors: Public Cartography, the Market, and Democracy. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

McMaster, R. B. 1990. Modeling Community Vulnerability to Hazardous Materials using Geographic Information Systems. In Introductory Readings in GIS, edited by D. Pequet and D. Marble. London: Taylor & Francis.

McMaster, R. J., H. Leitner, and E. Sheppard. 1997. GIS-based environmental equity and risk assessment: Methodological problems and prospects. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 24 (3):172-189.

Merideth, P. H. 1995. Distributed GIS: If It's Time Is Now, Why is it Resisted? In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Meyrowitz, Joshua. 1985a. 'The blurring of public and private behaviors' and 'The separation of social place from physical place'. In No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.

Meyrowitz, Joshua. 1985b. No Sense of Place: The Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behavior. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Miller, R. 1995. Beyond method, beyond ethics:Integrating social theory into GIS and GIS into social theory. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):98-103.

Miller, Roger P. 1992. Beyond Method, Beyond Ethics: Integrating Social Theory into GIS and GIS into Social Theory. Paper read at GIS/LIS.

Mires, P.B. 1993. Relationships of Louisiana Colonial Land Claims with Potential Natural Vegetation and Historic Standing Structures: A GIS Approach. The Professional Geographer 45:342-350.

Mitchell, Bruce, and Dianne Draper. 1982. Relevance and ethics in Geography. London, UK: Longman Group Limited.

Monmonier, Mark. 1982. Cartography, Geographic Information, and Public Policy. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 6 (2):99-107.

Monmonier, Mark. 1985. Technological Transitions in Cartography. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Monmonier, Mark. 1991. How to Lie with Maps. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Moore, T.J. 1997. GIS, Society, and Decisions: A New Direction with SUDSS in Command? Paper read at ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention and Exposition Technical Papers, at Seattle, WA.

Muehrcke, Phillip. 1974. Map Reading and Abuse. The Journal of Geography 73 (5):11-23.

Muehrcke, Phillip. 1981. Maps in Geography. Cartographica 8:1-41.

NCGIA. 1996. Public Participation GIS Workshop. http://ncgia.spatial.maine.edu/ppgis/ppgishom.html.

NCGIA. 1997. Initiative 19: GIS and Society: The Social Implications of How People, Space, and Environment Are Represented in GIS. http://www.geo.wvu.edu/www/i19/.

Nietschmann, B. 1995. Defending the Miskito reefs with maps and GPS: mapping with sail, scuba, and satellite. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):34-37.

Nijkjamp, P., and A. Reggiano. 1996. Space-time synergetics in innovation diffusion: A nested network simulation approach. Geographical Analysis 28:18-37.

Noble, David F. 1984. The road not taken. In Forces of production: A social history of industrial automation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Norheim, Robert. 1997. Dueling Databases, Department of Geography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Nyerges, Timothy, Michael Barndt, and Kerry Brooks. 1997. Public Participation Geographic Information Systems. Paper read at ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention and Exposition Technical Papers, at Bethesda, MD.

Nyerges, T., M. Robkin, and T. J. Moore. 1997. Geographic Information Systems for Risk Evaluation: Perspectives on Applications to Environmental Health. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 24 (3):123-144.

Obermeyer, N. 1993. GIS in a democratic society: opportunities and problems. Paper read at NCGIA Geographic Information and Society Workshop, Nov. 11-14, 1993, at Friday Harbor, Washington.

Obermeyer, N. 1995a. Reducing Inter-Organizational Conflict To Facilitate Sharing Geographic nformation. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Obermeyer, N.J. 1990. Bureaucratic factors in the Adoption of GIS by Public Organizations. Computers, Environment, and Society 14 (4):261-271.

Obermeyer, Nancy J. 1995b. The Hidden GIS Technocracy. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):78-83.

Obermeyer, N. J. 1998. The Evolution of Public Participation GIS. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):65-66.

Obermeyer, Nancy J., and J.K. Pinto. 1994. Managing geographic information systems. New York: Guilford Press.

Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambrudge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Olsson, Gunnar. 1991. Lines of Power / Limits of Language. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Onsrud, Harlan J. 1992a. In support of cost recovery for publicly held geographic information. GIS Law 1 (2):1-7.

Onsrud, Harlan J. 1992b. In support of open access for publicly held geographic information. GIS Law 1 (1):3-6.

Onsrud, H.J., J. Johnson, and X. Lopez. 1994. Protecting Personal Privacy in Using Geographic Information Systems. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 60 (9):1083-1095.

Onsrud, H.J. 1995a. Identifying Unethical Conduct in the Use of GIS. Cartography and Geographic Information System 22 (1):90-97.

Onsrud, H.J., ed. 1995b. Proceedings of the Conference on Law and Information Policy for Spatial Databases: University of Maine.

Onsrud, H.J. 1995c. The Role of Law in Impeding and Facilitating the Sharing of Geographic Information. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Onsrud, H.J., J.P. Johnson, and J. Winnecki. 1996. GIS Dissemination Policy: Two Surveys and a Suggested Approach. Journal of Urban and Regional Information Systems 8 (2).

Onsrud, H.J. in press-a. Liability in the Use of Geographic Information Systems and Geographic Datasets. In Geographical Information System: Principles, Techniques, Management and Applications, edited by M. G. P. Longley, D. Maguire, and D. Rhind: Pearson's Group.

Onsrud, H.J. in press-b. Tragedy of the Information Commons. In Policy issues in Cartography, edited by D. R. F. Taylor: Elsevier Science Ltd.

Onsrud, H.J. , and G. Rushton, eds. 1995. Sharing Geographic Information. Rutgers: CUPR Press.

Onsrud, H.J. and X.R. Lopez. 1997. Intellectual Property Rights in Disseminating Geographic Data, Products, and Services: Conflicts and Commonalities Among European Union and United States Approaches. In European Geographic Information Infrastructure, edited by I. M. a. F. Slage. London: Taylor and Francis.

Openshaw, S. 1991. A view on the GIS crisis in geography, or, using GIS to put Humpty-Dumpty back together again. Environment and Planning A 2:621-628.

Openshaw, S. 1992. Further thoughts on geography and GIS: a reply. Environment and Planning A 24:463-466.

Openshaw, S. 1993. GIS 'crime' and GIS 'criminality'. Environment and Planning A 25:451-458.

Openshaw, S. 1997. The truth about Ground Truth. Transactions in GIS 2 (1):7-24.

Orlove, B. 1993. The ethnography of maps: the cultural and social contexts of cartographic representation in Peru. Cartographica 30 (1):29-46.

Ormeling, Ferjan. 1992. Brian Harley's Influence on Modern Cartography, edited by E. Dahl. Cartographica 29 (2):62-65.

OTA (Congress of US). 1995. The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America. Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the US.

Parent, P. , and R. Church. 1987. Evolution of Geographic Information Systems as Decision Making Tools. Paper read at 2nd Annual Conference of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, at San Francisco, CA.

Parr, D.M. 1988. Urban Geographic Information Systems: Technology Without Solutions. Paper read at International Symposium on GIS: The Research Agenda, at Washington, DC.

Perrolle, Judith A. 1987. Computers and Social Change. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Petchenik, B.B. 1988. Special issue on the history of GIS. The American Cartographer 15 (3):249-322.

Pickles, John. 1991. Geography, GIS and the Surveillant Society. Paper read at Applied Geography Conference.

Pickles, J. 1993. Discourse on method and the history of discipline: Reflections on Jerome Dobson's 1993 "Automated geography.". Professional Geographer 45 (4):451-455.

Pickles, J. 1995a. Conclusion: Towards and Economy of Electronic Representation and the Virtual Sign. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Pickles, J., ed. 1995b. Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, Mappings: Society/Theory/Space. New York: Guilford Press.

Pickles, J. 1995c. Representations in an Electronic Age: Geography, GIS, and Democracy. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Pickles, J. 1997. Tool or Science? GIS, technoscience, and the theoretical turn. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87 (2):363-372.

Pickles, J. 1998. Arguments, debates and dialogues: The GIS social theory debate and the concern for alternatives. In Geographical Information Science: principles and applications, volume one: principles, edited by D. J. Maguire, M. F. Goodchild and D. W. Rhind. New York: Longman Scientific & Technical.

Pike, John. 1997. Public Imaging Intelligence. http://www.fas.org/eye/imint.html: Federation of American Scientists.

Pinto, J. K. , and H. Onsrud. 1995. Sharing Geographic Information Across Organizational Boundaries: A Research Framework. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Poiker, Thomas K. 1994. Spatial Data: The Politics and Their Influence on Geographic Information Systems. In Pathways to Human Ecology: From Observation to Commitment, edited by H. Ernst. New York: Peter Lang.

Poster, Mark. 1990. The Mode of Information. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Puu, T. 1991. Nonlinear Economic Dynamics. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Rheingold, Howard. 1995. The virtual community. Utne Reader 1995:61-64.

Rhind, D. 1988. Personality as a factor in the development of a discipline: The example of computer-assisted cartography. The American Cartographer 15 (3):277-289.

Rhind, D. 1992. Data access, charging and copyright and their implications for geographic information systems. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems 6 (1):13-30.

Rhind, D.W. 1986. Remote Sensing, Digital Mapping, and Geographic information Systems: The Creation of National Policy in the United Kingdom. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4:91-102.

Roberts, S.M., and R.H. Schien. 1995. Earth Shattering: Global Imagery and GIS. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Robinson, A.H., and B.B. Petchenik. 1976. The Nature of Maps: Essays toward Understanding Maps and Mapping. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

Roszak, T. 1986. The Cult of Information. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.

Rothman, Stanley, and Charles Mosmann. 1972. Computers and Society: The Technology and It's Social Implications. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates, Inc.

Rubinyi, Robert M. 1989. Computers and Community: The Organizational Impact. Journal of Communication 39 (3):110-123.

Rundstrom, R. 1991. Mapping, postmodernism, indigenous people and the changing direction of North American cartography. Cartographica 28 (2):1-12.

Rundstrom, R.A. 1995. GIS, Indigenous Peoples, and Epistemological Diversity. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):45-57.

Sahay, Sundeep. 1993. Social construction of geographic information systems(volumes I and II). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida International University.

Sawicki, D., and W. Craig. 1996. Democratization of data: Bridging the gap for community groups. Journal of the American Planning Association 62 (4):512-523.

Sawicki, D.S. 1985. Microcomputer Applications in Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 51:209-215.

Saxe, Greg Michael. 1996. Analysis of the adoption of geographic information systems in the local planning process. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona.

Schmitt, Brian. 1997. Community Organizations and GIS Implementation: From Experience to Theory. Paper read at UCGIS Annual Meeting and Summer Retreat, at Bar Harbor, Maine.

Schmitt, E., and K. Brassel. 1996. From GIS for Control to GIS for Creative Exploration. In GIS and Society: The Social Implications of How People, Space and Environment are Represented in GIS, edited by T. Harris and D. Weiner. Santa Barbara: NCGIA.

Schoenberger, E. 1994. Corporate strategy and corporate strategists: power, identity and knoewldge within the firm. Environment and Planning A 26:435-452.

Schroeder, Paul C. GIS in Public Participation Settings Paper presented at University Consortium for Geographic Information Science

(UCGIS) 1997 Annual Assembly and Summer Retreat, Bar Harbor, Maine, June 15 - June 21, 1997., 1997 [cited . Available from http://www.spatial.maine.edu/ucgis/testproc/schroeder/UCGISDFT.HTM.

Sclove, R.E. 1995. Democracy and Technology. New York: Guilford Press.

Scott, D. 1995. Habitation sites and culturally modified trees: using predicative models in Didaht Territory. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18 (4):19-20.

Scott, M., S. L. Cutter, C. Menzel, M. Li, and Wagner D. 1997. Spatial Accuracy of the EPA's Environmental Hazards Databases and their Use in Environmental Equity Analyses. Applied Geographic Studies 1 (1):45-61.

Scott, M. S., and S. L. Cutter. 1997. Using Relative Risk Indicators to Disclose Toxic Hazard Information to Communities. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 24 (3):145-157.

Sheppard, E. 1993. Automated Geography: What kind of geography for what kind of society? The Professional Geographer 45 (4):457-460.

Sheppard, E. 1995a. GIS and Society: Towards a Research Agenda. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):5-16.

Sheppard, E. 1995b. Sleeping with the enemy, or keeping the conversation going? Environment and Planning A 27 (July '95):1026-1028.

Sherman, Barrie. 1985. The New Revolution: The Impact of Computers on Society. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Shiffer, M.J. 1995. Interactive Multimedia Planning Support: Moving from Stand-Alone Systems to the World Wide Web. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 22:649-664.

Shiffer, M. J. 1998. Multimedia GIS for Planning Support and Public Discourse. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):89-94.

Sieber, Renee E. 1997. IS and the Grassroots: The Role for Universities. Paper read at UCGIS Annual Meeting and Summer Retreat, at Bar Harbor, Maine.

Smith, N. 1992. History and Philosophy of Geography: Real Wars, Theory Wars. ProgRess in Human Geography 16 (2):257-271.

Smith, R. C. 1993. GIS and economic planning for Indian Territories in the Amazon Basin. Paper read at Thirteenth Annual ESRI User Conference.

Stage, D. 1995. A Multi-Agency Management Structure to Facilitate the Sharing of Geographic Data in Florida. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Steele, Lisa J. 1991. The view from on high: Satellite remote sensing technology and the Fourth Amendment. High Technology Law Journal 6 (2):317-34.

Steinitz, C. 1993a. GIS: A Personal Historical Perspective. GIS Europe, 1993, 19-22.

Steinitz, C. 1993b. GIS: A Personal perspective - part 2. A framework for theory and practice in landscape planning. GIS Europe, 1993, 42-45.

Steinitz, C. 1993c. GIS: A Personal perspective - part 3. The changing face of GIS from 1965-1993. GIS Europe, 1993, 38-40.

Steinitz, C., P. Parker, and L. Jordan. 1976. Hand-Drawn Overlays: Their History and Prospective Uses. Landscape Architecture 66:444-455.

Stonich, S. C. 1998. Information Technologies, Advocacy, and Development: Resistance and Backlash to Industrial Shrimp Farming. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25 (2):113-122.

Sui, D.Z. 1994. GIS and Urban Studies: Positivism, Post-positivism, and Beyond. Urban Geography 15 (3):258-278.

Sui, D. Z., and J. R. Giardino. 1995. Applications of GIS in Environmental Equity Analysis: A Multi-scale and Multi-zoning Scheme Study for the City of Houston, Texas, USA. Paper read at Proceedings GIS/LIS'95.

Taupier, R.P. 1995. Comments on the Economics of Geographic Information and Data Access in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Taylor, D.R.F. 1991a. A Conceptual Basis for Cartography / New Directions for the Information Era. Cartographica 28 (4):1-8.

Taylor, P. 1990a. Editorial comment: GKS. Political Geography Quarterly 9 (3):211-212.

Taylor, P.J. 1990b. GKS. Political Geography Quarterly 9 (3):211-212.

Taylor, P.J. 1991b. A distorted world of knowledge. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 15:85-90.

Taylor, P.J. 1991c. Further thoughts on geography and GIS. Environment and Planning A 23 (8):1087-1094.

Taylor, P.J., and R.J. Johnston. 1995. GIS and Geography. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems, edited by J. Pickles. New York: Guilford Press.

Taylor, P.J. , and M. Overton. 1991. Further thoughts on geography and GIS: A preemptive strike? Environment and Planning A 23:1087-1094.

Taylor, P.J. , and M. Overton. 1992. Further thoughts on geography and GIS: A reply. Environment and Planning A 24:463-466.

Thompson, J. William. 1996. Commonsense Visionary (Phil Lewis). Landscape Architecture 86 (7):67-71.

Thrift, N. 1996. Spatial Formations. London; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Tomlinson, R.F. 1967. An introduction to the geographic information system of the Canada Land Inventory. Ottawa: Department of Forestry and Rural Development.

Tomlinson, R.F. 1988. The Impact of the Transition From Analogue to Digital Cartographic Representation. The American Cartographer 15 (3):249-261.

Tomlinson, R.F. 1989. Geographic information systems and geographers in the 1990s. The Canadian Geographer 33:290-298.

Tosta, N. 1995. The Evolution of Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Data-Sharing Activities in California State Government. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Tufte, Edward R. 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.

Tulloch, D., and B.J. Niemann, Jr. 1996. Evaluating innovation. Geo Info Systems, September.

University of Georgia. 1998. Telecommunications and the City. Paper read at AAG: Telecommunications and the City, at Athens, GA.

Unwin, D.J. 1995. Geographical information systems and the problem of ‘error and uncertainty’. Progress in Human Geography 19 (4): 549-558.

US Department of Housing and Urban Development. 1997. Community 2020 software program. http//:www.hud.gov/cpd/c2020sft.html.

Van der Meulen, Joe, and Jim Lively. 1994. Information Access Systems for Community Planning. Planning and Zoning News, 11-16.

Vasiliev, I., et al. 1990. What is a map? The Cartographic Journal 27:119-123.

Ventura, S. 1995a. Overarching Bodies for Coordinating Geographic Data Sharing at Three Levels of Government. In Sharing Geographic Information Systems, edited by H. J. Onsrud and G. Rushton. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Center for Urban Policy Research.

Ventura, S.J. 1995b. The use of geographic information systems in local government. Public Administration Review 55 (5):461-467.

Veregin, H. 1995. Computer Innovation and the Adoption in Geography: A Critique of Conventional Technological Models. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. New York: Guilford Press.

Visvalingam, M. 1989. Cartography, GIS, and Maps in Perspective. The Cartographic Journal 26:26-32.

Wallace, R., and D. Wallace. 1997. Resilience and persistence of the synergism of mplagues: Stochastic resonance and the ecology of disease, disorder and disinvestment in US urban neighborhoods. Environment and Planning A 29 (5):789-804.

Warnecke, L. , J. M. Johnson, K. Marshall, and R.S. Brown. 1992. State Geographic Information Activities Compendium. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments.

Warren, S. 1995. Teaching GIS as a Socially Constructed Technology. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):70-77.

Waters, Nigel. 1989. Do you sincerely want to be a GIS Analyst? The Operational Geographer 7 (4):30-35.

Waters, N. 1992. Are the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer with GIS? GIS World, 102.

Waters, N. 1993. GIS:Paradigms lost. GIS World, 64.

Weiner, D., T. Warner, T.M. Harris, and R.M. Levin. 1995. Apartheid Representations in a Digital Landscape: GIS, Remote Sensing, and Local Knowledge in Kiepersol, South Africa. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):30-44.

Wheeler, J.O. 1994. GIS and Critical Social Theory: Whither Urban Geography? Urban Geography 15 (2):103-105.

Williams, Lee. 1996. An Annotated Bibliography for Participatory and Collaborative Field Research Methods. Knoxville: Community Partnership Center, Univ. of Tennessee.

Wood, Dennis. 1992. The Power of Maps. New York , NY: Guilford Press.

Wright, D. J., M. F. Goodchild, and J. D. Proctor. 1997. GIS: Tool or science? Demystifying the persistent ambiguity of GIS as "tool" versus "science". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87 (2):346-362.

Yapa, L. 1991a. Is GIS Appropriate Technology? International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 5 (1):41-58.

Yapa, L. 1991b. Is GIS Appropriate Technology? International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 5 (1):41-58.

Yapa, L.S. 1989. Low-Cost Map Overlay Analysis Using Computer-Aided design. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 16:367-498.

Yeh, A.G. 1991. The Development and Applications of Geographic Information Systems for Urban and Regional Planning in Developing Countries. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 5 (1):5-27.

Yin, R. K. 1981. Life Histories of Innovations: New Practices become Routinized. Public Administration Review 41 (1):21-28.